The structural approach to teaching, also known as the grammatical or deductive approach, focuses on the explicit teaching of grammar rules and sentence structures.

It aims to provide learners with a systematic understanding of the target language’s grammatical structures and how they are used in communication.

Here are some key features and techniques of the structural approach:

1. Grammar Instruction: The structural approach places a strong emphasis on the explicit teaching of grammar rules. Teachers present and explain grammatical structures, such as verb tenses, sentence patterns, and word order, through explanations, examples, and demonstrations.
2. Rule Deduction: Learners are encouraged to deduce grammar rules through analysis and guided discovery. They examine patterns and identify rules based on examples and practice exercises. This approach aims to develop learners’ analytical skills and understanding of language rules.
3. Controlled Practice: Learners engage in controlled practice activities that focus on specific grammatical structures. These activities involve fill-in-the-blank exercises, sentence transformations, and other structured practice tasks to reinforce understanding and accuracy.
4. Language Drills: Language drills are common in the structural approach. These repetitive exercises provide learners with extensive practice in using the target structures. Drill activities can include substitution drills, transformation drills, and question-answer drills.
5. Accuracy and Precision: The structural approach emphasizes accuracy and precision in language use. Learners are expected to produce grammatically correct sentences and adhere to specific language rules. Error correction is an essential component to address mistakes and reinforce correct usage.
6. Textbook Usage: Textbooks play a significant role in the structural approach. They often provide a structured sequence of lessons, explanations of grammar rules, and practice exercises to support learning.
7. Reading and Writing: Reading and writing activities are integrated into the structural approach to reinforce grammatical structures and vocabulary. Learners may engage in reading comprehension exercises, sentence writing, paragraph formation, and composition writing, focusing on applying the target language structures.
8. Teacher-Directed Instruction: In the structural approach, the teacher plays a central role in guiding the learning process. The teacher provides clear explanations, models correct language usage and monitors student progress. There is a focus on teacher-led instruction and guidance.
9. Sequencing and Progression: The structural approach follows a sequenced and progressive structure. Lessons build upon previously taught structures, gradually introducing more complex grammar rules and language patterns. The aim is to provide a clear and logical progression of language learning.
10. Assessment of Learning: Assessment in the structural approach typically involves testing students’ understanding and application of grammar rules. This can include quizzes, tests, and writing assignments that require the correct use of target language structures.

While the structural approach places a strong emphasis on grammar instruction, it is important to note that effective language teaching often integrates other approaches and techniques to develop learners’ communicative skills, vocabulary, and fluency. Combining the structural approach with communicative activities, authentic materials, and meaningful language use can provide a more comprehensive and balanced language learning experience.

Also Read: Bilingual Method of Teaching

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