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Advance Curriculum theory ( Secondary level), M. Ed.

Stages in the Process of Curriculum Development

2 May 2023 Harshita Jain 9 Comments

The process of curriculum development typically involves several stages. The exact stages may vary depending on the specific context and needs of the educational institution or organization.

Following are some common stages in the process of Curriculum Development :

Needs Assessment: The first stage of curriculum development involves identifying the current and future needs of the learners and the community. This stage requires gathering information from various sources such as students, teachers, parents, and other stakeholders to understand their needs, goals, and objectives. Needs assessment may involve conducting surveys, focus groups, interviews, or observations to collect data about the learners and the context in which the curriculum will be implemented.
Setting Goals and Objectives: Based on the information gathered from the needs assessment stage, the goals and objectives of the curriculum are set. These should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Setting goals and objectives helps to ensure that the curriculum is designed to meet the needs and goals of the learners and the community.
Designing the Curriculum: Once the goals and objectives have been set, the curriculum is designed. This stage involves developing a framework for the curriculum, including the content, instructional strategies, assessment methods, and materials. The content should be aligned with the goals and objectives of the curriculum and should be organized in a logical and meaningful way. Instructional strategies should be selected based on the learning needs of the learners and the goals of the curriculum. Assessment methods should be aligned with the learning objectives and should provide meaningful feedback to learners.
Implementation: In this stage, the curriculum is implemented in the classroom. Teachers and other educators use the curriculum to guide their instruction, and students engage with the content and activities. Implementation of the curriculum should be done in a systematic and consistent manner to ensure that the curriculum is delivered as intended.
Evaluation: Once the curriculum has been implemented, it is evaluated to determine its effectiveness. Evaluation methods may include tests, surveys, observations, or other forms of assessment. The purpose of evaluation is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum and make necessary adjustments.
Revision: Based on the evaluation, the curriculum is revised and updated to improve its effectiveness. Revision may involve making changes to the content, instructional strategies, assessment methods, or materials. The revised curriculum should be aligned with the goals and objectives of the curriculum and should be designed to meet the needs of the learners and the community.
Implementation of revised curriculum: Once the revisions have been made, the revised curriculum is implemented in the classroom. The evaluation and revision cycle continues as the curriculum is continuously monitored and updated to ensure that it remains effective.

It’s important to note that the process of curriculum development is an iterative process, and the stages may not always follow a linear sequence. Additionally, there may be additional stages or steps depending on the context and specific needs of the educational institution or organization.

Curriculum Change

19 April 2023 Harshita Jain 7 Comments

Curriculum change refers to the process of modifying, revising, or updating the content, structure, and delivery of a curriculum.

Curriculum change is often driven by various factors such as changes in societal needs, advancements in technology, new knowledge and research, and shifts in student demographics and learning styles.
The purpose of this is to improve the effectiveness of education and to better align it with the needs of students, society, and the workforce.
The process of change involves a thorough analysis of the existing curriculum, identification of the strengths and weaknesses, and the development of a plan for modifying or updating the curriculum.
It can be a complex and challenging process that requires the involvement of various stakeholders such as educators, administrators, subject matter experts, students, and parents.
Effective change also requires careful planning and implementation, ongoing evaluation, and continuous improvement.
There are several models of curriculum change that can be used to guide the process, such as the Lewin’s Change Model, which involves three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. This model emphasizes the importance of creating a sense of urgency, involving stakeholders, and reinforcing the change to ensure that it becomes part of the new curriculum.

The following are the steps involved in curriculum change:

Needs assessment: It typically begins with an assessment of current needs and an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing curriculum. This may involve data gathering, consultations with stakeholders, and a review of current research and best practices.
Goal setting: Once the needs have been identified, the next step is to establish clear goals and objectives for the It. These goals and objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
Planning: It requires a well-designed plan that outlines the steps and strategies for implementing the changes. The plan should include a timeline, resources needed, and the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders.
Implementation: The next step is to implement the changes to the curriculum. This may involve the development of new course materials, changes to teaching methods and approaches, and the adoption of new technologies.
Evaluation: It should be evaluated regularly to ensure that it is achieving its goals and objectives. This may involve data gathering, assessments of student learning outcomes, and feedback from stakeholders.
Continuous improvement: Based on the evaluation, the it may need to be revised, modified, or updated to ensure that it remains relevant and effective.

Curriculum change can be a complex and challenging process that requires the involvement of various stakeholders such as educators, administrators, subject matter experts, students, and parents. It also requires careful planning and implementation, ongoing evaluation, and continuous improvement.

Also Read : Factors Influencing Curriculum change

Concept of Curriculum change — Concept of Curriculum Change

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Advance Curriculum theory ( Secondary level), M. Ed.

Conservatism Curriculum Theory

19 April 2023 Harshita Jain 8 Comments

Conservatism Curriculum Theory is a traditional approach to education that emphasizes the transmission of knowledge and cultural heritage from one generation to the next.

Basis of this theory :

The theory is based on the belief that there is a core body of knowledge that is essential for all students to learn, and that this knowledge should be taught in a systematic and rigorous manner.
The main goal of Conservatism Curriculum Theory is to produce well-rounded individuals who are knowledgeable, responsible, and able to make informed decisions.
It emphasizes the importance of a structured and disciplined approach to education, with an emphasis on memorization, rote learning, and the acquisition of basic skills.
The theory also emphasizes the importance of moral and ethical values, and views education as a means of instilling these values in students. According to this theory, education should be designed to produce individuals who are capable of making good moral judgments and who have a strong sense of right and wrong.
The curriculum in this typically includes traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, science, literature, and history. These subjects are viewed as essential for a well-rounded education and are taught in a systematic and rigorous manner.
It also places a strong emphasis on discipline and order in the classroom. Students are expected to be respectful and obedient to their teachers and to follow rules and procedures.

Critics of Conservatism Curriculum Theory:

Critics of this theory argue that it is too focused on tradition and does not take into account the diverse needs and interests of students. They argue that it may not be effective in preparing students for the realities of a rapidly changing world and may not be inclusive of students from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Despite these criticisms, Conservatism Curriculum Theory continues to be influential in many educational settings, particularly in schools that place a strong emphasis on academic achievement and the acquisition of basic skills.

Concept and Criteria of Curriculum Development

19 April 2023 Harshita Jain 6 Comments

Curriculum development refers to the process of designing and creating educational programs or courses. The process of curriculum development involves identifying the learning objectives, designing the instructional materials, selecting the teaching methods and assessment strategies, and evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum.

Purpose of Curriculum Development:

The purpose of curriculum development is to create a structured and effective plan for teaching and learning that meets the needs of the learners and prepares them for their future education, work, and life. The process of curriculum development involves a variety of stakeholders, including educators, administrators, subject matter experts, and learners.

Curriculum development is an ongoing process, as the needs and interests of learners and the demands of the workforce and society are constantly evolving. Therefore, curriculum development requires continuous review and improvement to ensure that the curriculum is up-to-date, relevant, and effective.

Some of the key concept and criteria of curriculum development include:

Relevance: The curriculum should be relevant to the needs of learners and society, and should provide them with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in their personal and professional lives.
Coherence: The curriculum should be well-organized and structured, with clear learning goals and objectives that build upon one another to create a cohesive learning experience.
Diversity and inclusivity: The curriculum should be designed to meet the needs of learners from diverse backgrounds and should be inclusive of learners of different genders, races, ethnicities, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds.
Flexibility: The curriculum should be flexible and adaptable to the changing needs of learners, as well as to changes in the education landscape and job market.
Assessment: The curriculum should include appropriate assessment strategies to evaluate learning outcomes and provide feedback to learners and educators.
Continuous improvement: The curriculum should be continuously evaluated and improved based on feedback from learners, educators, and other stakeholders.
Alignment with standards: The curriculum should align with national and/or international educational standards to ensure that learners are prepared for further education or employment opportunities.

Nicholls and Nicholls Model of Curriculum Development

28 February 2023 Harshita Jain 4 Comments

The Nicholls and Nicholls Model of Curriculum Development 1972 model emphasizes the importance of a systematic and collaborative approach to curriculum development. It highlights the need to identify the needs and goals of the learners and the community, select appropriate content and teaching methods, and continuously evaluate and revise the curriculum to ensure it remains effective and relevant.

This Model of Curriculum Development is a systematic approach to curriculum development that was developed by John Nicholls and Sheelah Nicholls. The model outlines a seven-stage process for developing a curriculum that is relevant and effective in meeting the needs of the learners and the community.

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The Model is a 7-stage model that outlines a systematic approach to curriculum development. The seven stages are:

Focus on the educational problem: The first stage involves identifying and defining the educational problem or need. This stage involves conducting a thorough analysis of the situation and identifying the needs of the learners and the community.
Formulation of the curriculum objectives: The second stage involves formulating the curriculum objectives that are based on the identified needs and goals. These objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
Selection of the content: The third stage involves selecting the appropriate content that aligns with the curriculum objectives. This content should be relevant, current, and applicable to the learners’ needs.
Organization of the content: The fourth stage involves organizing the selected content into a coherent and logical sequence. This stage involves developing a structure for the curriculum that is easy to follow and understand.
Selection of teaching methods: The fifth stage involves selecting the appropriate teaching methods. The strategies should align with the curriculum objectives and content. These methods should be engaging, interactive, and effective in achieving the desired learning outcomes.
Evaluation of the curriculum: The sixth stage involves evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum in achieving the desired learning outcomes. This stage involves collecting and analyzing data to determine whether the curriculum objectives have been met.
Revision of the curriculum: The final stage involves revising the curriculum based on the evaluation results. This stage involves making necessary adjustments and improvements to ensure the curriculum remains relevant and effective.

Nicholls and Nicholls Model -1972 | Curriculum Development Model

Also Read: Hilda Taba Model of Curriculum Development