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B. Ed., Childhood and Growing Up, M. Ed., NET, Psychology of Learning and Development, Theories of Learning, Unit 3 Learner and Learning Process

Sternberg Triarchic theory of Intelligence

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The Sternberg Triarchic Theory of Intelligence is a theory proposed by psychologist Robert J. Sternberg in the 1980s that identifies three distinct aspects of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical. Sternberg’s theory suggests that intelligence is a multifaceted construct that cannot be adequately captured by a single measure or definition.

Different type of Intelligence according to him:

  1. Analytical intelligence: This aspect of intelligence involves the ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems using logical reasoning and critical thinking. It includes the ability to analyze information, break down complex problems into their component parts, and evaluate the pros and cons of different solutions. Analytical intelligence is typically measured by standardized tests that assess skills such as verbal and mathematical reasoning.
  2. Creative intelligence: This aspect of intelligence involves the ability to generate novel ideas, think outside the box, and solve problems in new and innovative ways. It includes the ability to approach problems from different angles, make connections between seemingly unrelated concepts, and generate new and original solutions. Creative intelligence is often associated with artistic and scientific creativity and is not typically measured by standardized tests.
  3. Practical intelligence: This aspect of intelligence involves the ability to adapt to and navigate real-world situations, including social situations. It includes the ability to use common sense, practical knowledge, and interpersonal skills to solve problems and achieve goals. Practical intelligence is often referred to as “street smarts” and is important for success in everyday life, such as in the workplace or in social situations.

Sternberg’s theory emphasizes the importance of contextual factors in determining intelligence. He argues that intelligence is not simply a fixed trait, but rather a dynamic and malleable set of abilities that can be improved over time through experience and practice. Sternberg also suggests that intelligence is not domain-specific, meaning that individuals can possess high levels of intelligence in one aspect (e.g., creative intelligence) but not in another (e.g., analytical intelligence).

One of the strengths of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence is its focus on practical intelligence, which has traditionally been overlooked in other theories of intelligence. However, the theory has also been criticized for its lack of empirical support and for the difficulty in measuring and assessing the different aspects of intelligence proposed by the theory. Nonetheless, Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence has been influential in the field of psychology and has influenced the development of more recent theories of intelligence, such as the theory of emotional intelligence.

Also Read : Gardner Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Sternberg Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

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B. Ed., Childhood and Growing Up, M. Ed., NET, Paper 2, Psychology of Learning and Development, Unit 3 Learner and Learning Process

Gordon Allport’s Trait theory

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Gordon Allport’s trait theory is a comprehensive theory of personality that emphasizes the uniqueness of individuals and the importance of understanding each person’s unique set of traits. Allport believed that each person possesses a unique combination of traits that make up their personality, and that these traits interact with each other to create a complex and dynamic psychological profile.

About Gordon Allport

Gordon Allport (1897-1967) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to the field of personality psychology. He is best known for his trait theory of personality, which emphasizes the unique qualities of individuals and the importance of understanding each person’s unique set of traits.

Allport’s theory proposes that there are three types of traits:

  1. Cardinal traits: These are dominant traits that define an individual’s entire life, such as an all-consuming passion or a deep sense of purpose.For example, a person who is known for their intense passion for music, or their tireless pursuit of a certain goal, might be said to possess a cardinal trait. Cardinal traits are relatively rare and are often associated with great achievement or creativity.
  2. Central traits: These are general characteristics that make up the core of an individual’s personality, such as honesty, kindness, or shyness. These traits are more common than cardinal traits and are evident in a wide range of situations. Examples of central traits might include honesty, kindness, or shyness. Central traits are relatively stable over time and tend to be consistent across different situations and contexts.
  3. Secondary traits: These are traits that are more peripheral to an individual’s personality and may only be evident in certain situations or contexts, such as a fear of public speaking or a love of sports.For example, a person might be shy in social situations but outgoing and confident in academic or work settings. Secondary traits are more variable than central traits and may change over time depending on the individual’s experiences and environment.

Allport’s trait theory also emphasizes that traits are unique to individuals, and that each person possesses a unique combination of traits that make up their personality. Additionally, Allport argued that traits can be arranged along a continuum of development, meaning that some traits may become more or less prominent over time depending on the individual’s experiences and environment.

Also Read : Piaget Theory

Gordon Allport Trait Theory
Gordon Allport Trait Theory

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