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Advance Curriculum theory ( Secondary level), B. Ed., Knowledge & Curriculum, M. Ed.

Pragmatism

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Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the practical application of ideas and the importance of experience in shaping knowledge. Some of the key features of pragmatism include:

  1. Empiricism: Pragmatism emphasizes the importance of experience and observation in gaining knowledge. It views knowledge as something that is constantly evolving and that is shaped by our experiences.
  2. Instrumentalism: Pragmatism sees ideas and theories as tools or instruments for solving practical problems. Ideas should be judged based on their usefulness in solving real-world problems.
  3. Focus on the action: Pragmatism values action and experimentation as a way to learn and improve. It emphasizes the importance of taking risks and testing ideas in practice.
  4. Flexibility: It views knowledge and ideas as flexible and adaptable, and not as fixed or absolute truths. It encourages people to be open to new ideas and to be willing to revise their beliefs based on new evidence.
  5. Interdisciplinary approach: Pragmatism recognizes the interconnectedness of different fields of study and encourages an interdisciplinary approach to problem-solving. It values the input of multiple perspectives and sees problems as complex and multifaceted.
  6. Democracy: Pragmatism values democracy and sees it as a way to solve problems through dialogue, negotiation, and compromise. It encourages people to work together to find solutions that work for everyone.

Overall, pragmatism is a philosophy that emphasizes the practical application of ideas and the importance of experience in shaping knowledge. It values flexibility, experimentation, and an interdisciplinary approach to problem-solving, and sees democracy as a key value in society.

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Pragmatism views education as a process of problem-solving and emphasizes the importance of experiential learning. This means that students should be actively engaged in the learning process and have opportunities to apply what they have learned in real-world situations. Pragmatism also values interdisciplinary learning, as it recognizes that many problems require multiple perspectives to solve.

In the context of curriculum theory, pragmatism suggests that the curriculum should be designed with a focus on practical skills and knowledge that are relevant to the needs of society. This means that the curriculum should be flexible and adaptable, as the needs of society and the job market are constantly changing. It also values the input of stakeholders, such as employers and community members, in the development of the curriculum.

Overall, this approach emphasizes the practical application of knowledge and skills, the importance of experiential learning, and the need for a flexible and adaptable curriculum that meets the needs of society.

Pragmatism : Curriculum theory
Also Read: Factors influencing Curriculum Change
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Advance Curriculum theory ( Secondary level), M. Ed.

Mobilization of Resources

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Mobilization of resources refers to the process of gathering and allocating resources, such as financial, human, natural, and technological resources, in order to achieve specific goals or objectives.

This process is crucial for organizations, governments, and individuals who want to effectively utilize resources to achieve their desired outcomes.

Mobilization of resources in Education

Mobilization of resources in education refers to the process of gathering and allocating resources to support the development and improvement of the education sector. This can include financial, human, and technological resources.

  • Financial resources can be mobilized through government budgets, private donations, grants, and other funding mechanisms. These resources can be used to improve infrastructure, provide better access to education, and enhance the quality of education by hiring qualified teachers, providing training and professional development opportunities, and investing in new technology and equipment.
  • Human resources can also be mobilized by hiring qualified teachers, staff, and administrators who can help to improve the quality of education. Additionally, partnerships between schools, universities, and other educational institutions can help to provide access to additional human resources, such as guest lecturers or specialized instructors.
  • Technological resources can also be mobilized by investing in digital infrastructure, such as providing access to computers, internet connectivity, and online learning resources. This can help to improve access to education and provide more flexible learning options for students.
Also read: Cost Analysis in Education
Features of Mobilization of resources in Education
  1. Needs assessment: Mobilization of resources in education requires a thorough needs assessment to identify the most critical needs of the education sector. This includes assessing infrastructure, resources, and staffing needs, as well as identifying gaps in the quality and accessibility of education.
  2. Strategic planning: Mobilization of resources in education also involves strategic planning to ensure that resources are allocated effectively to achieve desired outcomes. This may involve setting specific goals and objectives, identifying priorities, and developing action plans to allocate resources efficiently.
  3. Stakeholder engagement: Mobilization of resources in education requires engagement with a range of stakeholders, including government agencies, private donors, educational institutions, teachers, and students. This helps to ensure that resources are allocated in a way that reflects the needs and priorities of the education sector.
  4. Monitoring and evaluation: Mobilization of resources in education also requires ongoing monitoring and evaluation to track progress towards goals and identify areas where resources can be allocated more effectively. This includes measuring the impact of investments in education and identifying opportunities for improvement.
  5. Innovative solutions: Mobilization of resources in education also requires an innovative approach to finding new solutions and leveraging new technologies to improve the quality and accessibility of education. This may involve investing in new technologies, such as online learning platforms, to reach more students and provide more flexible learning options.

Effective mobilization of resources in education requires careful planning and management to ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively toward achieving the desired outcomes.

This can involve developing strategies to identify critical needs, prioritizing resources, and monitoring progress to ensure that resources are being used optimally.

Mobilization of resources in education
Mobilization of Resources in Education
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Advance Curriculum theory ( Secondary level), B. Ed., Curriculum Planning and Development, Issues, Curriculum and Assessment (secondary Level), Knowledge & Curriculum, M. Ed.

Factors Influencing Curriculum Change

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There are various factors that can influence curriculum change, including:

  1. Societal Changes: Changes in society’s values, beliefs, and expectations can prompt curriculum changes. For example, the increasing importance of technology in our daily lives has led to a greater emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in school curriculums.
  2. Technological Advances: Advancements in technology can also influence curriculum changes. For example, the widespread availability of digital learning tools and online resources has led to a greater focus on blended learning and personalized instruction.
  3. Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world has led to a greater emphasis on global education and cultural competency in school curriculums.
  4. Economic Factors: Economic factors such as changes in job markets, workforce needs, and funding can also impact curriculum changes. For example, a shift towards more service-oriented jobs may prompt a greater emphasis on vocational training in schools.
  5. Research and Development: Advances in educational research and development can also influence curriculum changes. For example, new research on how students learn and retain information may lead to changes in teaching methods and curriculum design.
  6. Political Factors: Political factors such as changes in education policy and government funding can also impact curriculum changes. For example, changes in government leadership or policies may result in changes to education funding or mandates for certain subject areas.
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Overall, curriculum change is a complex process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Sometimes, the factor influencing curriculum change are many. Multiple stakeholders, including educators, policymakers, and community members, work together to create a curriculum that meets the needs of students and prepares them for the future.

Factors Influencing Curriculum Change
Factors Influencing Curriculum Change
Also read: Curriculum Development
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Advance Curriculum theory ( Secondary level), M. Ed.

Curriculum Development as a Continuous and Cyclic process

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Curriculum development can be described as a continuous and cyclic process because it involves ongoing review, evaluation, and refinement of the curriculum.

Process of Curriculum Development

The process typically involves several stages, including planning, design, implementation, evaluation, and revision. Each of these stages informs the next, and the process is ongoing, with feedback loops and continuous improvement.

Here are some ways in which curriculum development can be described as a continuous and cyclic process:

  1. Planning: In the planning stage, the curriculum development team sets the goals and objectives for the curriculum. They also identify the content and resources that will be used to teach the curriculum. Planning is an ongoing process that involves continuous review and refinement.
  2. Design: In the design stage, the curriculum development team creates the structure and format of the curriculum. This stage includes developing lesson plans, learning activities, and assessments. Design is an ongoing process because the curriculum is revised as new information and resources become available.
  3. Implementation: In the implementation stage, the curriculum is put into action. This stage involves teaching the curriculum to students and making adjustments as needed. Implementation is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and refinement.
  4. Evaluation: In the evaluation stage, the curriculum development team assesses the effectiveness of the curriculum. This stage also includes gathering feedback from students, teachers, and other stakeholders. Evaluation is an ongoing process that informs the revision stage.
  5. Revision: In the revision stage, the curriculum development team makes changes to the curriculum based on feedback and evaluation. This stage includes updating the goals and objectives, refining the content and resources, and adjusting the structure and format of the curriculum. Revision is an ongoing process that leads back to the planning stage.

Overall, curriculum development is a continuous and cyclic process that requires ongoing review, evaluation, and refinement. The process is not linear, and each stage informs the next, leading to continuous improvement and growth.

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Curriculum Development as a Continuous and Cyclic process
Also Read: Tyler Model
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B. Ed., Institutional Planning & Management, M. Ed.

Yashpal Committee

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The Yashpal Committee, also known as the Committee to Advise on Renovation and Rejuvenation of Higher Education, was formed by the Government of India in 2008.

The committee was formed under the chairmanship of Professor Yash Pal, a renowned physicist, and educator, with the objective of recommending reforms for higher education in India.

The committee consisted of several other distinguished academicians and experts in the field of education, who contributed to the final report submitted in 2009.

Also read: Kothari Commission

Key features in the Yashpal Committee report:

Some of the key features of the Committee’s report include:

  1. Overhaul of undergraduate education: The Committee recommended a major overhaul of the undergraduate education system to make it more flexible and interdisciplinary. It suggested the adoption of a credit-based system that would allow students to choose courses from different disciplines and create their own customized degree programs.
  2. Emphasis on research and innovation: The Committee focused on the need to encourage research and innovation in universities by providing greater funding and autonomy. It also recommended the creation of research clusters and networks to promote collaboration among institutions and researchers.
  3. Quality of teaching: The Committee recommended improving the quality of teaching by providing better training and support for faculty members. It also suggested the creation of a national teaching excellence framework to recognize and reward good teaching.
  4. Access to higher education: The Committee emphasized the need to increase access to higher education for marginalized communities and disadvantaged groups. It recommended the expansion of scholarships and financial assistance programs to make education more affordable.
  5. Governance and management: The Committee recommended strengthening the governance and management of universities to promote transparency and accountability. It suggested the creation of an independent regulatory body to oversee higher education in the country.

Overall, the Yashpal Committee’s report aimed to create a more inclusive, flexible, and innovative higher education system in India that would enable the country to meet the challenges of the 21st century.

Yashpal Committee
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